Since this species has a long generation length, with three generations stretching over 42 years, there is insufficient evidence to calculate the magnitude of reduction over the past three generations. The rate of decline is therefore placed in the band 35-40% over three generations. Thus, its actual rate of population decline is likely greater than the estimate decline based on forest loss alone, possibly exceeding 35% over three generations. Being largely restricted to primary forests and intolerant of habitat conversion, the species is additionally threatened by hunting. Trend justification An analysis of deforestation between 20 estimated forest loss within the species's range at a rate equivalent to 35% over three generation lengths (42 years) (Tracewski et al. In Sabah, Crocker Range Park and Tawau Hills Park had population densities of 0.94 individuals/km 2 and 5.67 individuals/km 2 respectively (Lakim & Biun 2005). In Sarawak, Upper Baram and Batang Ai National Park had population densities of 0.27 individuals/km 2 (Chin & Jantan 2001) and 0.96 individuals/km 2 (Meredith 1995) respectively. In Kuala Lompat (Krau Wildlife Reserve) the population density was 2 individuals/km 2 (Medway & Wells 1971). In Peninsular Malaysia, Sungai Tekam Forestry Concession (Pahang State) population density was found to be 1.6 groups/km 2 in primary forest and 2.3, 1.8, 1.2, 0.4 groups/km 2 in 0-6 month, 1-2 year, 3-4, 5-6-year-old logged forest respectively (Johns 1987). The species is widespread throughout its range, but occurs at low densities, even in suitable habitat (Poonswad et al. Population justification The population size of this species has not been quantified. The species is thus suspected to undergo a large population reduction over the next three generations. Even though the species is widespread within its range, high hunting pressure is exacerbating the population decline caused by habitat loss. And it’s precisely here that I recently came across southern-ground hornbills and grey-headed parrots on top of the daily viewing pleasure provided by the abundance of white-fronted bee eaters, starlings and rollers.Justification of Red List Category This species is largely restricted to extensive tracts of primary evergreen forest within a region experiencing high rates of deforestation. Of the 500 species in the park, 350 can be found here.
While birding is a popular pastime throughout the park, it’s the far northern region towards Pafuri and Punda Maria that’s commonly regarded as a birding haven. A number of uncommon, rare and vulnerable species, such as the southern ground-hornbill, bateleur eagle, grey-headed parrot, martial eagle and kori bustard, can be found, their populations benefiting from the protected environment. FOR ABUNDANT LANDSCAPES, BIRDLIFE AND HISTORYīeyond the pleasures of big-five sightings, the birdlife in the park is spectacular. The train theme continues at the adjoining Kruger Station, where children can enjoy the kids' zone, 360° cinema and ice cream cafe, while adults can feast on morsels from the deli, restaurant, coffee cafe or bar.īetween talking a short stroll to see what’s on offer here, enjoying twice-daily game drives and spending time next to one of the two pools, days lend themselves to effortless unwinding in this wildlife-rich area of the park.
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